What is Object Oriented Programming (OOP)? Explain its advantages. Also describe the concept of data hiding in OOP.
Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) Concept in Java :
Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to languages that use objects in programming. Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc in programming. The main aim of OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access this data except that function.
OOPs Concepts:
- Polymorphism
- Inheritance
- Encapsulation
- Abstraction
- Class
- Object
- Method
- Message Passing
Advantages of OOP :
- OOP language allows breaking the program into bit-sized problems that can be solved easily (one object at a time).
- The new technology promises greater programmer productivity, better quality of software, and lesser maintenance cost.
- OOP systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems.
- It is possible that multiple instances of objects co-exist without any interference,
- It is very easy to partition the work in a project based on objects.
- It is possible to map the objects in the problem domain to those in the program.
Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other classes and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class. Therefore, it is also known as data hiding.
To achieve encapsulation in Java −
- Declare the variables of a class as private.
- Provide public setter and getter methods to modify and view the variable's values.
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