MCS024 : Question 1 (a) Features of OOP's | June 2023 Paper Solution

Question 1. (a) Explain the basic features of object oriented programming language.

Answer :

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a way of writing code that focuses on organizing information into objects. Here are the basic features of OOP:

1. Classes and Objects: In OOP, we create "classes" that act as blueprints for creating "objects." Think of a class as a template and an object as an instance of that template. Objects hold both data and behavior.

2. Encapsulation: Encapsulation means bundling data and related functions together within a class. It allows us to hide the inner workings of an object and only expose what is necessary for other parts of the program to use. Encapsulation helps keep our code organized and makes it easier to reuse.

3. Inheritance: Inheritance allows us to create new classes based on existing ones. When a class inherits from another class, it automatically gets the properties and behaviors of the parent class. This makes it easy to reuse code and create hierarchies of related classes.

4. Polymorphism: Polymorphism means that objects can take on different forms or behave differently depending on the situation. For example, we can have different objects of the same class that behave in slightly different ways. Polymorphism helps make our code more flexible and adaptable.

5. Abstraction: Abstraction is about simplifying complex systems by focusing on the most important parts while hiding unnecessary details. It allows us to create abstract classes or interfaces that define common behavior without specifying the implementation details. Abstraction makes our code easier to understand and maintain.

By using these features, object-oriented programming languages help us write code that is easier to manage, reuse, and understand. We can create objects, bundle related information together, reuse code through inheritance, make objects behave differently through polymorphism, and simplify complex systems through abstraction.